United States v. Bare,
No. 14-10475 (11-24-15)(Tallman with Rosenthal, D.J.; Kozinski
dissenting).
As an editorial note, this
is an AZ FPD case. The 9th affirms a sentence and conditions of SR in a felon
in possession case. Some interesting
aspects are presented and a dissent by Kozinski regarding overbroad SR
conditions. This case arises from the
non-Indian defendant shooting a gun on the Navajo reservation during an
altercation with a disgruntled pawn store customer. The pawn store was run by the defendant from
his house and it was not exactly "authorized." The defendant's sentence was increased
because his acts constituted felony disorderly conduct under the state
statute. He argued that because it
occurred on the Reservation, it could only be a misdemeanor. The 9th held the enhancement of +4 was
warranted because felon in possession was a general crime, and it included the
Reservation; the assimilative crimes act (ACA) also imported state offenses to
non-Indians, which the defendant was.
As for SR conditions, the court imposed a "search of
computers." The 9th affirmed, holding that the condition only required
"some nexus" to the goals set forth in 3553. The nexus was that the defendant had run a
pawn shop, using paper ledgers, but in the future, could use a computer.
Kozinski dissented from this affirmance of the SR
conditions. He basically said "come
on!" He argues that the condition
allows the probation officer to search computers for some reason or no reason,
despite the fact that the offense did not require a computer, the defendant did
not own a computer, and the so-called nexus is really no nexus, as anyone, at
any time, could use a computer to do some offense. Kozinski also states that the majority
misuses memorandum decisions for precedent, and that the decision itself runs
counter to other precedent.
The decision is here:
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