US v. Simon, No. 15-10203
(6-8-17)(Murguia for the en banc). In an en banc decision, the 9th affirmed a
district court's use of 2X1.1, the provision for inchoate offenses. In this, a Hobbs Act robbery, the use of the
conspiracy guideline, rather than the robbery guideline, determined the
sentence, including relevant conduct and enhancements. Section 2X1.1 does not apply if an attempt,
solicitation, or conspiracy is expressly covered by another guideline. A conspiracy to commit a Hobbs Act robbery is
not expressly covered under the robbery guideline. The 9th overrules US v. Hernandez-Franco, 189 F.3d 1151 (9th Cir. 1999), in holding
that the guidelines themselves must "expressly cover" the inchoate
offense. A court starts with 2X1.1, and
the application note, but can use other content from the guidelines. However, courts should avoid exclusive
reliance on the US Code or non-guideline language.
The decision is here:
http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2017/06/08/15-10203.pdf
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